Cross reference for the LiPD Ontology classes, properties and dataproperties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by the LiPD Ontology.

Classes

Calibration modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#CalibrationModel

Metadata about how the variable was calibrated to reflect an environmental variable
Term rationale
Make the model behind the calibration explicit
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.Calibration
has super-classes
Model c
is in domain of
calibration references op
is in range of
calibrated via op

Chron datac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ChronData

The data, metadata, and Model that describe the set of Variables used to relate depth/position to time (chronological information)
Term rationale
Subdivision between chronological and paleoenvironmental information reflects the fact that Datasets are fundamentally characterized by two distinct components
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.ChronData1
has super-classes
Data c
is in range of
includes chron data op

Chron data tablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ChronDataTable

DataTable containing Variables pertaining to chronological information
Term rationale
Subdivision between chronological and paleoenvironmental information reflects the fact that Datasets are fundamentally characterized by two distinct components
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.chron1measurement1
has super-classes
Data table c
is disjoint with
PaleoData table c

Chron modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ChronModel

Model used to derive a time (or age) axis from the ChronDataModel
Term rationale
Subdivision between chronological and paleoenvironmental information reflects the fact that Datasets are fundamentally characterized by two distinct components
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.ChronData1.Model1
has super-classes
Model c
is in range of
chron modeled by op

Chron proxy systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ChronProxySystem

The combination of ProxyArchive, ProxySensor, and ProxyObservations pertaining to chronological information. For instance, measurements of radiocarbon on foraminiferal shells would have a ChronProxySystem consisting of ProxyArchive: marine sediment, ProxySensor: Foraminifera, ProxyObservations: Radiocarbon. (ref: Evans et al. [2013])
Term rationale
Subdivision between chronological and paleoenvironmental information reflects the fact that Datasets are fundamentally characterized by two distinct components. Agreed that the ProxySystem concept applies to both Chron and PaleoData
has super-classes
Proxy system c

Compilationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Compilation

A curated aggregation of datasets
Term rationale
Encodes what Data/Metadata gathering effort/scientific project led to the curation of the Datasets. Examples: PAGES2k, Iso2k, LR04, OC3, MARGO
has super-classes
data catalog c
is in domain of
compilation citation dp, compilation date dp, compilation version dp
is in range of
part of compilation op

Datac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Data

An aggregation of DataTables and Models with their supporting paleoenvironmental and/or chronological information
Term rationale
Needed to describe the paleoenvironmental and/or chronological data comprising the dataset as opposed to the Publication, Funding and Location information
has sub-classes
Chron data c, Paleo data c
is in domain of
found in measurement table op
is in range of
includes data op

data catalogc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/DataCatalog

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-classes
Compilation c

Data tablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#DataTable

A set of Variables organized in columns
Term rationale
Connects to the csv file where the data values are stored
has sub-classes
Chron data table c, Distribution table c, Ensemble table c, Measurement table c, PaleoData table c, Summary table c
is in domain of
generated by model op, has file name dp, includes variable op
is in range of
found in table op

Datasetc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Dataset

A structured collection of related information, including -but not limited to -measured and/or modelled geograhical, chronological, and environmental data
Term rationale
Fundamental unit at which we think about paleoclimate data. Also tends to correspond to the scope of the study
has super-classes
dataset c
is in domain of
collected from op, contributor op, dataset citation dp, dataset date dp, dataset license dp, dataset version dp, includes chron data op, includes data op, includes paleo data op, part of compilation op, published in op

datasetc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/Dataset

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-classes
Dataset c

Distribution tablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#DistributionTable

DataTable containing the probability distribution of a single value of a Variable. Output of a Model
Term rationale
Added to allow outputs from Bayesian model (especially Bchron) to be saved as part of a dataset. Required to encode irregular probability distributions
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/ODP1098B12.Chron1.Model1.distributionTable.1
has super-classes
Data table c
is in domain of
distribution table generated by Model op

Ensemble tablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#EnsembleTable

DataTable constaining many possible series of how the Variable is modeled. Output of a Model
Term rationale
Added to allow outputs from Bayesian model to be saved as part of a dataset
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/ODP1098B12.Chron1.Model1.EnsembleTable
has super-classes
Data table c
is in domain of
ensemble table generated by model op

featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#Feature

is defined by
http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql
has sub-classes
Location c
is in domain of
has geometry op

Fundingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Funding

Source of monetary support underlying the collection/creation/analysis/curation of the Dataset
Term rationale
Allows to associate a grant number following U.S. federal regulation
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.Funding1
is in domain of
funding agency dp, funding country dp, grant number dp, principal investigator op
is in range of
funded by op

geometryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#Geometry

is defined by
http://www.opengis.net/spec/geosparql/1.0
is in domain of
as w k t dp
is in range of
has geometry op

Inferred variablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#InferredVariable

A Variable that is inferred from one or more MeasuredVariable (s)
Term rationale
See InferredVariable Ontology for concept description.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.sst
has super-classes
Variable c
is in domain of
calibrated via op, inferred from op, inferred variable type op
is in range of
inferred variable type op
is disjoint with
Measured variable c

Inorganic proxy sensorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#InorganicProxySensor

An inorganic substrate sensing enviromental changes. Examples: karst, snow, watershed, ice sheet, rock, etc.
Term rationale
Encode the Genus and Species metadata
has super-classes
Proxy sensor c
is disjoint with
Organic proxy sensor c

Instrumentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Instrument

A tool used to produce MeasuredVariables
Term rationale
Needed to categorize types of instruments used for taking the different measurements. See Instrument Ontology for concept description.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.ICPAES
is in range of
measured by op

Integration timec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#IntegrationTime

The time it takes for the ProxySensor to imprint environmental information on the ProxyArchive. It may be further qualified with time periods and units
Term rationale
Soilwater mixing above speleothems: Although the sample might only represent 5 years of calcification, it can record 30 years of water mixing.
is in range of
has integration time op

Interpretationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Interpretation

A suite of metadata that describes which phenomena drove variability in this Variable (e.g. environmental drivers).
Term rationale
Used to describe the interpretation of the Variable. For instance, radiocarbon is interpreted to represent age
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.Interpretation
is in domain of
detail dp, has rank dp, interpretation direction dp, interpretation references op, is local dp, scope dp
is in range of
interpreted as op

Locationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Location

The geographic data and metadata for the dataset
Term rationale
Gives information about where the ProxyArchive comes from.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.Location
has super-classes
place c
feature c
spatial thing c
is in range of
collected from op

Measured variablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#MeasuredVariable

Variables that are measured by an Instrument. MeasuredVariables are ssn: Observations. They represent the values of a certain type of ProxyObservations
Term rationale
Subclass of Variables. Allows to make the disctinction between raw measurements (e.g., tree ring width, oxygen isotopes, trace elements) and the variables being reconstructed (e.g., moisture, temperature)
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub
has super-classes
Variable c and observation c
is in domain of
has proxy system op, measured by op, measured on op, standard dp
is in range of
inferred from op
is disjoint with
Inferred variable c

Measurement tablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#MeasurementTable

DataTable that contains the Variables (both measured and inferred)
Term rationale
Subclass of DataTable. Allows InferredVariables (despite the name) for practical purposes
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1
has super-classes
Data table c
is in range of
found in measurement table op

Modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Model

A mathematical construct that is at least partially isomorphic to the target system, and is used to derive information about the structure and/or dynamics of the target system
Term rationale
Allows to describe models whose outputs are stored in the Dataset. One example of is Bchron for age modeling
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.PaleoData1.Model1
has sub-classes
Calibration model c, Chron model c, Paleo model c, Proxy archive model c, Proxy observation model c, Proxy sensor model c, Proxy system model c, Uncertainty model c
is in domain of
equation dp, has code op, model references op
is in range of
generated by model op, modeled by op

Non peer reviewed publicationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#NonPeerReviewedPublication

A publication that has not undergone a formal review process; for instance, a Dataset attached to a dissertation.
Term rationale
Subclass of Publication.Allows to clearly mark datasets not generated as part of a peer-reviewed publication.
has super-classes
Publication c
is disjoint with
Peer reviewed publication c

observationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn#Observation

The class ssn:Observation provides the structure to represent a single observation. An observation is a situation that describes an observed feature, an observed property, a sensor and method of sensing used and a value observed for the property: that is, an observation describes a single value attributed to a single property by a particular sensor. Observations of multiple features or multiple properties of the one feature should be represented as either compound properties, features and values or as multiple observations, grouped in some appropriate structure.
is defined by
http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn

Organic proxy sensorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#OrganicProxySensor

Biologically-mediated ProxySensor. Examples include: foraminifera, trees, mollusks, polyps
Term rationale
Subclass of ProxySensor. Makes the distinction between organic and inorganic. See the ProxySensor ontology for concepts
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Globigerinoides_ruber
has super-classes
Proxy sensor c
is in domain of
sensor genus dp, sensor species dp
is disjoint with
Inorganic proxy sensor c

Paleo datac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#PaleoData

The Data pertaining to past environmental variability
Term rationale
Subdivision between chronological and paleoenvironmental information reflects the fact that Datasets are fundamentally characterized by two distinct components
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.PaleoData1
has super-classes
Data c
is in range of
includes paleo data op

Paleo modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#PaleoModel

Model used to derive an environmental axis from the PaleoDataModel
Term rationale
Subdivision between chronological and paleoenvironmental information reflects the fact that Datasets are fundamentally characterized by two distinct components
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.PaleoData1.Model1
has super-classes
Model c
is in range of
paleo modeled by op

Paleo proxy systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#PaleoProxySystem

Climate observations prior to the instrumental era are necessarily indirect. These observations are made on climate proxies in various geological (e.g. lake or marine sediments, living or fossil coral reefs, cave deposits), glaciological (ice cores or snow pits) or biological (trees) archives. Many types of measurements can be made on each archives, each sensing a different aspect of the environment (sometimes, several aspects at once). A paleoclimate dataset is a set of observations made on an archive.
Term rationale
Gives a formal definition of climate proxy following the Evans et al. (2013) framework. Subclass of ProxySystem, pertaining to climate information
has super-classes
Proxy system c

PaleoData tablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#PaleoDataTable

DataTable containing PaleoData Variables
Term rationale
Subdivision between chronological and paleoenvironmental information reflects the fact that Datasets are fundamentally characterized by two distinct components
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1
has super-classes
Data table c
is disjoint with
Chron data table c

Peer reviewed publicationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#PeerReviewedPublication

A Publication that has undergone a formal peer-review process
Term rationale
Subclass of Publication.Allows to clearly mark datasets generated as part of a peer-reviewed publication.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Publication.10.1002/2013PA002534
has super-classes
Publication c
is disjoint with
Non peer reviewed publication c

Personc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Person

An individual who has participated directly or indirectly in the authoring of any resources on the LinkedEarth wiki
Term rationale
The researcher, author on a publication.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/D._Khider
is equivalent to
person c
person c
is in domain of
email dp, orcid number dp
is in range of
author op, contributor op, principal investigator op

personc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/Person

is defined by
http://schema.org/

personc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person

is defined by
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

Physical samplec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#PhysicalSample

The actual sample on which the measurements are made. For instance, the lake core analyzed in the lab is the physical sample.
Term rationale
Used to differentiate between the concept of a ProxyArchive and its physical (real) manifestation
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD98-2181
is in domain of
has IGSN dp
is in range of
measured on op

placec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/Place

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-classes
Location c

Proxy archivec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ProxyArchive

According to the Evans et al. (2013), the medium in which the response of a ProxySensor to environmental forcing is recorded. Example of archives include: marine sediments, corals, wood, lake sediments, speleothems, glacier ice
is defined by
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113002011
Term rationale
"See ProxyArchive ontology for details about the concept. We adopted the Evans et al. (2013) framework since this is the only published definition of what is most commonly referred to as ""proxy"" in the paleoclimate community"
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.d18omund.MarineSediment
is in range of
proxy archive type op

Proxy archive modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ProxyArchiveModel

A Model of how the ProxySensor either creates or emplaces the signal into the ProxyArchive. Sensu Evans et al. (2013)
is defined by
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113002011
Term rationale
We adopted the Evans et al. (2013) framework since this is the only published definition of what is most commonly referred to as ""proxy"" in the paleoclimate community"
has super-classes
Model c
is in range of
proxy archive model op

Proxy observationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ProxyObservation

The type of MeasuredVariables measured on the ProxyArchive, whether chemical (e.g. Mg/Ca, D18O, Sr/Ca), physical (e.g. density, layer thickness), or biological (e.g. Species abundance)
is defined by
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113002011
Term rationale
See ProxyObservation ontology for details about the concept. We adopted the Evans et al. (2013) framework since this is the only published definition of what is most commonly referred to as ""proxy"" in the paleoclimate community
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/D18O
is in range of
proxy observation type op

Proxy observation modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ProxyObservationModel

The Model of how ProxyObservations are made on the archive. Sensu Evans et al. (2013)
is defined by
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113002011
Term rationale
We adopted the Evans et al. (2013) framework since this is the only published definition of what is most commonly referred to as ""proxy"" in the paleoclimate community
has super-classes
Model c
is in range of
proxy observation model op

Proxy sensorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ProxySensor

The sensor comprises physical, chemical, and/or biological components that react to environmental conditions. Sensors often respond to more than one environmental variable, and may have complex responses to the environment they sense, including thresholds (record only part of the range of environmental conditions), seasonal biases (record environmental conditions over a few months of the year), and/or nonlinear responses (Evans et al. (2013)). Signals recorded by the ProxySensor are imprinted onto the ProxyArchive.
is defined by
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113002011
Term rationale
See ProxySensor ontology for details about the concept. We adopted the Evans et al. (2013) framework since this is the only published definition of what is most commonly referred to as ""proxy"" in the paleoclimate community
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Cibicidoides_mundulus
has sub-classes
Inorganic proxy sensor c, Organic proxy sensor c
is in domain of
has integration time op
is in range of
proxy sensor type op

Proxy sensor modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ProxySensorModel

A Model of the ProxySensor. Sensu Evans et al. (2013)
is defined by
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113002011
Term rationale
One component of the ProxySystemModel
has super-classes
Model c
is in range of
proxy sensor model op

Proxy systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ProxySystem

<p>Climate observations prior to the instrumental era are necessarily indirect. These observations are made on climate <b>proxies</b> in various geological (e.g. lake or marine sediments, living or fossil coral reefs, cave deposits), glaciological (ice cores or snow pits) or biological (trees) archives. Many types of data can often be collected from each archives, each <b>sensing</b> a different aspect of the environment (sometimes, several aspects at once). A paleoclimate dataset is almost always a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_series">time series</a> of observations made on an archive.</p> <p> Evans et al. (2013) <sup id="cite_ref-evans2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evans2013-1">[1]</a></sup> define a proxy system as comprised of three components (Fig 1).: </p> <ul><li> The <a href="#ProxySensor" title="Category:ProxySensor"> sensor</a> comprises physical, chemical, and/or biological components that react to environmental conditions. Sensors often respond to more than one environmental <a href="#InferredVariable" title="Category:InferredVariable"> variable</a>, and may have complex responses to the environment they sense, including thresholds (record only part of the range of environmental conditions), seasonal biases (record environmental conditions over a few months of the year), and/or nonlinear responses. For instance, <a href="#Foraminifera" title="Category:Foraminifera"> foraminifera</a> are an often used sensor for oceanic conditions. Multiple observations can be made on this sensor, recording different environmental <a href="#InferredVariable" title="Category:InferredVariable"> variables</a>. Similarly, picking foraminifera of a given species to conduct the measurements is part of the observation process, though it does affect the sensor definition&nbsp;: the habitat of these forams determines with environmental <a href="#InferredVariable" title="Category:InferredVariable"> variable</a> (e.g. surface, sub-surface, or thermocline temperature) they are most sensitive to. </li></ul> <ul><li> The <a href="#ProxyArchive" title="Category:ProxyArchive ©"> archive</a> is the medium in which the response of a sensor to environmental forcing is recorded. Marine sediments are a type of archive, on which many sensors and observations may be recorded (e.g. Foraminifera Mg/Ca, δ<sup>18</sup>O, TEX86)</li></ul> <ul><li> <a href="#ProxyObservation" title="Category:ProxyObservation"> Observations</a> are made on archives and are generally referred to as "proxies". The term "proxy" used ubiquitously, and often ambiguously, throughout the paleoclimate literature, is most commonly equivalent to "sensor + observation". "Observation" is the more explicit, and thus, preferred term, however "proxy" can be treated as a synonym of "observation". For instance, Foraminifera Mg/Ca is often used to investigate past changes in sea-surface temperature but depends also on sea-surface salinity and deep-ocean carbonate saturation <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>. Furthermore, its temperature and salinity dependence is exponential <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> while its response to carbonate saturation is thresholded <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>. </li></ul> <p>These three major components may be individually modeled, and linked together within a <a href="/Category:ProxySystemModel_%C2%A9" title="Category:ProxySystemModel ©">Proxy System Model</a> <sup id="cite_ref-evans2013_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evans2013-1">[1]</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>. Some sensors are common to multiple archives (e.g. δ<sup>18</sup>O), and all archives support more than one possible sensor. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-evans2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-evans2013_1-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span>1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-evans2013_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-evans2013_1-2">1.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> Evans, M. N., Tolwinski-Ward, S. E., Thompson, D. M., &amp; Anchukaitis, K. J. (2013). Applications of proxy system modeling in high resolution paleoclimatology. Quaternary Science Reviews, 76, 16-28. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.05.024 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Khider, D., Huerta, G., Jackson, C., Stott, L. D., &amp; Emile-Geay, J. (2015). A Bayesian, multivariate calibration for Globigerinoides ruber Mg/Ca. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 16(9), 2916-2932. doi:10.1002/2015GC005844 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Anand, P., Elderfield, H., &amp; Conte, M. H. (2003). Calibration of Mg/Ca thermometry in planktonic foraminifera from a sediment trap time series. Paleoceanography, 18(2), 1050. doi:10.1029/2002PA000846 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Lea, D. W., Mashiotta, T. A., &amp; Spero, H. J. (1999). Controls on magnesium and strontium uptake in planktonic foraminifera determined by live culturing. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 63(16), 2369-2379. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Kisakürek, B., Eisenhauer, A., Böhm, F., Garbe-Schönberg, D., &amp; Erez, J. (2008). Controls on shell Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca in cultured planktonic foraminiferan, Globigeriniodes ruber (white). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 273, 260-269. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.026 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Regenberg, M., Regenberg, A., Garbe-Schonberg, D., &amp; Lea, D. W. (2014). Global dissolution effects on planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios controlled by the calcite-saturation state of bottom waters. Paleoceanography, 29, 127-142. doi:10.1002/2013PA002492 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Dee, S., Emile-Geay, J., Evans, M. N., Allam, A., Steig, E. J., &amp; Thompson, D. M. (2015). PRYSM: An open-source framework for PRoxy System Modeling, with applications to oxygen-isotope systems. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 7, 1220-1247. doi:10.1002/2015MS000447</span> </li> </ol>
is defined by
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113002011
Term rationale
We adopted the Evans et al. (2013) framework since this is the only published definition of what is most commonly referred to as "proxy" in the paleoclimate community
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.MarineSediment.Globigerinoides_ruber.Mg/Ca
has sub-classes
Chron proxy system c, Paleo proxy system c
is in domain of
proxy archive type op, proxy sensor type op
is in range of
has proxy system op

Proxy system modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ProxySystemModel

In the Evans et al. (2013) framework, this is the combination of sensor, archive and observation models . "A generalized proxy system model encapuslates a simplified representation of prior physical, chemical, biological, and/or geological understanding of the ways in which environmental variation ultimately results in the observations used to retrieve paleoclimatic information."
is defined by
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113002011
Term rationale
We adopted the Evans et al. (2013) framework since this is the only published definition of what is most commonly referred to as "proxy" in the paleoclimate community
has super-classes
Model c
is in domain of
proxy archive model op, proxy observation model op, proxy sensor model op

Publicationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Publication

A document that serves as reference for a Dataset or its components
Term rationale
Can be used to credit the contributor of the dataset as well as linking toward the conclusions of the study and relevant methods
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Publication.10.1029/2012GC004293
has sub-classes
Non peer reviewed publication c, Peer reviewed publication c
is in domain of
book dp, has ISBN dp, has ISSN dp, issue dp, journal dp, pages dp, publication year dp, title dp, volume dp
is in range of
calibration references op, interpretation references op, model references op, published in op

Resolutionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Resolution

Refers to the time difference between two adjacent values of a Variable.
Term rationale
Class added to describe the annual resolution of the archives
is in range of
has resolution op

softwarec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ontosoft.org/software#Software

is defined by
http://ontosoft.org/software#
has sub-classes
Software code c

Software codec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#SoftwareCode

A script that describes the model, in any programming language (e.g., Excel, Matlab, Python, R)
Term rationale
Added to allow for a link towards the code if on a public repository like GitHub
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Pyleoclim
has super-classes
software c
is in domain of
has execution command dp, has execution environment dp, programmed in dp
is in range of
has code op

spatial thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#SpatialThing

is defined by
http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#
has sub-classes
Location c
is in domain of
alt dp, lat dp, long dp

Summary tablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#SummaryTable

A DataTable that contains summary information for the Variable and is output from a Model.
Term rationale
Allows to represent a summary of basic statistics such as median, mean, standard deviation, and various quantiles from the output of the Model
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1model1summary1
has super-classes
Data table c
is in domain of
summary table generated by model op

Uncertaintyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Uncertainty

A state of incomplete knowledge that results from a lack of information or from different modeling choices. Uncertainty may come from many sources, from imprecision in the data to ambigously defined concepts or terminology. Uncertainty can be represented by quantitative measures (e.g., probability density function) or by qualitative statements (e.g., reflecting the judgement of a team of experts). Sensu IPCC AR5
is defined by
https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_AnnexIII_FINAL.pdf
Term rationale
To allow to describe the uncertainty on a Variable or a Model, would it be a single number (e.g., the uncertainty on the measurements are 0.1 per mil, one sigma confidence level, or reportedIn an EnsembleTable and/or SummaryTable)
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.Uncertainty
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.sst.Uncertainty
is in domain of
reported in op, uncertainty level dp
is in range of
has uncertainty op

Uncertainty modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#UncertaintyModel

A Model quantifiying the Uncertainty
Term rationale
Allows description of how uncertainty was calculated
has super-classes
Model c

Variablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#Variable

Quantities that may change from value to value. They are usually represented as column of values in a data table
Term rationale
Basic definition of the values in the columns of the csv file
has sub-classes
Inferred variable c
is in domain of
has column number dp, has max value dp, has mean value dp, has median value dp, has min value dp, has resolution op, has variable ID dp, interpreted as op, taken at depth op
is in range of
includes variable op, taken at depth op

Object Properties

authorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#author

Answers the question: Who wrote (i.e., created) the resource, such as a Publication?
Term rationale
Give credit to the original author of the resource
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Publication.10.1002/2013PA002534
has super-properties
creator op
author op
has domain
Compilation c or Dataset c or Publication c
has range
Person c

authorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/author

is defined by
http://schema.org/author
has sub-properties
author op

calibrated viaop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#calibratedVia

Answers the question: What calibration process was used to relate the InferredVariable to the MeasuredVariable?
Term rationale
Provides calibration information, especially useful for legacy datasets where the raw measurements may not be available and for comparison of datasets.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.sst
has domain
Inferred variable c
has range
Calibration model c

calibration referencesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#calibrationReferences

Answers the question: In what Reference(s) is the Calibration described/justified?
Term rationale
Relationship needed to link to a Publication desribing the calibration being applied to the dataset
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.Calibration
has super-properties
references op
has domain
Calibration model c
has range
Publication c

chron modeled byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#chronModeledBy

Answers the question: What is the ChronModel for the ChronData or ProxySystem under consideration?
Term rationale
Subproperty of modeledBy. The subdivision between chronological and paleoenvironmental information reflects the fact that Datasets are fundamentally characterized by two distinct components
has super-properties
modeled by op
has domain
Chron data c or Chron proxy system c
has range
Chron model c

collected fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#collectedFrom

Answers the question: Where (in the world) was the data in the Dataset collected? Refers to the location of the ProxyArchive
Term rationale
Describe the geographical coordinates for the provenance of the ProxyArchive where the dataset was collected from
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014
has super-properties
content location op
has domain
Dataset c
has range
Location c

content locationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/contentLocation

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-properties
collected from op

contributorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#contributor

Answers the question: Who contributed the resource? A contributor may be the same as the authors of the resource or different. For instance, in the case of a legacy dataset, a Linked Earth member may contribute a previously-published dataset that he/she may not have authored
Term rationale
Allows distinction between contributor to a resource and the author
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014
has super-properties
contributor op
contributor op
has domain
Dataset c
has range
Person c

contributorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor

is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
has sub-properties
contributor op

contributorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/contributor

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-properties
contributor op

creatorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator

is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
has sub-properties
author op

distribution table generated by Modelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#distributionTableGeneratedByModel

Answers the question: In which DistributionTable is the Model output found?
Term rationale
"Subproperty of foundinTable to Link the Model to its outputs"
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/ODP1098B1_2.ChronData1.Model1

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
generated by model op
has domain
Distribution table c
has range
Chron model c or Paleo model c

ensemble table generated by modelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#ensembleTableGeneratedByModel

Answers the question: In which EnsembleTable is the Model output found?
Term rationale
"Subproperty of foundinTable to link the Model to its outputs"

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
generated by model op
has domain
Ensemble table c
has range
Chron model c or Paleo model c

found in measurement tableop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#foundInMeasurementTable

Answers the question: In which MeasurementTable are the Variables found?
Term rationale
Subproperty of foundinTable to link the Data to the Variables
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.PaleoData1
has super-properties
found in table op
has domain
Data c
has range
Measurement table c

found in tableop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#foundInTable

Answers the question: In which DataTable can the information/data be found?
Term rationale
Allows to link the data to the csv table and the models to its output
has sub-properties
found in measurement table op
has domain
Data c or Variable c
has range
Data table c

funded byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#fundedBy

Answers the question: What was the Funding source for the Dataset?
Term rationale
Links a dataset to its source of funding
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014
has super-properties
funder op
has domain
Compilation c or Dataset c
has range
Funding c

funderop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/funder

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-properties
funded by op

generated by modelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#generatedByModel

Answers the question: which model was used to generated this data table?
Term rationale
Needed to link the model to the data tables it generates
has super-properties
was derived from op
has sub-properties
distribution table generated by Model op, ensemble table generated by model op, summary table generated by model op
has domain
Data table c
has range
Model c

has codeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasCode

Answers the question: What SoftwareCode was used to generate the Model output?
Term rationale
Links a Model to its SoftwareCode.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Model c
has range
Software code c

has geometryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#hasGeometry

is defined by
http://www.opengis.net/spec/geosparql/1.0
has domain
feature c
has range
geometry c

has integration timeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasIntegrationTime

Answers the question: What is the integration time needed for a ProxySensor to imprint environmental information on the ProxyArchive? Both are included as part of a ProxySystem
Term rationale
Property added to link the proxySystem to the IntegrationTime class
has domain
Proxy sensor c
has range
Integration time c

has proxy systemop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasProxySystem

Answers the question: What is the ProxySystem associated with this MeasuredVariable?
Term rationale
Links the MeasuredVariable to its ProxySystem. For instance, Mg/Ca measurements on foraminiferal shells have ProxySystem: MarineSediment.Foraminifera.Mg/Ca
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub
has domain
Measured variable c
has range
Proxy system c

has resolutionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasResolution

Answers the question: What is the Resolution of the Variable?
Term rationale
Needed to link a Variable to Resolution
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.ICPAES
has domain
Variable c
has range
Resolution c

has uncertaintyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasUncertainty

Answers the question: What is the Uncertainty associated with the Variable, Model, or Instrument?
Term rationale
Links to the Uncertainty class
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub
has domain
Instrument c or Model c or Variable c
has range
Uncertainty c

included in data catalogop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/includedInDataCatalog

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-properties
part of compilation op

includes chron dataop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#includesChronData

Answers the question: Which ChronData are included in the Dataset?
Term rationale
Subproperty of includesData. The subdivision between chronological and paleoenvironmental information reflects the fact that Datasets are fundamentally characterized by two distinct components
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014
has super-properties
includes data op
has domain
Dataset c
has range
Chron data c

includes dataop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#includesData

Answers the question: Which Data are included in the Dataset?
Term rationale
Links Dataset to Data
has sub-properties
includes chron data op, includes paleo data op
has domain
Dataset c
has range
Data c

includes paleo dataop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#includesPaleoData

Answers the question: Which PaleoData are included in the Dataset?
Term rationale
Subproperty of includesData. The subdivision between chronological and paleoenvironmental information reflects the fact that Datasets are fundamentally characterized by two distinct components
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014
has super-properties
includes data op
has domain
Dataset c
has range
Paleo data c

includes variableop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#includesVariable

Answers the question: Which Variables are included in the DataTable?
Term rationale
Links DataTable to Variable
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2
has domain
Data table c
has range
Variable c

inferred fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#inferredFrom

Answers the question: From which MeasuredVariable(s) is (are) the InferredVariable inferred from?
Term rationale
Provides a link between the Measured and Inferred Variables. For instance, SST is inferred from Mg/Ca measurements
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.sst
has domain
Inferred variable c
has range
Measured variable c

inferred variable typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#inferredVariableType

Answers the question: What type of InferredVariable does the InferredVariable belongs to?
Term rationale
Links the InferredVariable values to their type. For instance, the value of 29.1 degC is of type SST. This is important to normalize the variations in VariableNames (e.g. SST, sst, sea-surface temp)
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.sst
has domain
Inferred variable c
has range
Inferred variable c

interpretation referencesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#interpretationReferences

Answers the question: In which Publication(s) is the Interpretation substantiated?
Term rationale
Links an interpretation to a reference citation (can be the same as the calibrationReferences for a Dataset)
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.Calibration
has super-properties
references op
has domain
Interpretation c
has range
Publication c

interpreted asop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#interpretedAs

Answers the question: What is the Variable's Interpretation?
Term rationale
Links the Variable to its Interpretation
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.sst
has domain
Variable c
has range
Interpretation c

is part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf

is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
has sub-properties
part of compilation op

measured byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#measuredBy

Answers the question: Which Instrument was used to produce the MeasuredVariable?
Term rationale
Links the MeasuredVariable to the Instrument responsible for its creation
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.mgcarub
has super-properties
observed by op
has domain
Measured variable c
has range
Instrument c

measured onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#measuredOn

Answers the question: On which PhysicalSample was the MeasuredVariable measured?
Term rationale
Links the MeasuredVariable to the ProxyArchive. Refers to the specific archive (i.e. the specific coral head, lake sediment...) and a specific Variable since ProxyArchive provides a link to the ProxySensor. In some instances, two MeasuredVariables on the same PhysicalSample may have different ProxyArchive page. This would be the case for measurements on various species of foraminifera in a MarineSediment
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.d18omund
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.mgcarub
has super-properties
top object property
has domain
Measured variable c
has range
Physical sample c

model referencesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#modelReferences

Answers the question: In which Publication is the model described/applied?
Term rationale
Links a Model to its Publication. Note: calibrationReferences and modelReferences in the Calibration may not need to be the same. For instance, the calibration data and one mathematical formulation can be provided in one Publication (answering the calibrationReferences) but a different mathematical Model may be applied in another Publication (answering the modelReferences)
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.Calibration
has super-properties
references op
has domain
Model c
has range
Publication c

modeled byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#modeledBy

Answers the question: What is the Model for the Data, Compilation or ProxySystem under consideration?
Term rationale
Links Data, Compilation or ProxySystem to Model
has sub-properties
chron modeled by op, paleo modeled by op
has domain
Compilation c or Data c or Proxy system c
has range
Model c

observed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn#observedBy

is defined by
http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn#
has sub-properties
measured by op

paleo modeled byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#paleoModeledBy

Answers the question: What is the PaleoModel for the PaleoData or ProxySytem under consideration?
Term rationale
Subclass of modeledBy, pertaining to paleoenvironmental information
has super-properties
modeled by op
has domain
Paleo data c or Proxy system c
has range
Paleo model c

part of compilationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#partOfCompilation

Answer the question: Which compilation does a dataset belong to?
Term rationale
Links the dataset to the compilation
has super-properties
is part of op
included in data catalog op
has domain
Dataset c
has range
Compilation c

principal investigatorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#principalInvestigator

Answers the question: Who was the lead on the source of Funding for the Dataset?
Term rationale
Links the source of Funding to the PI (a Person)
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.Funding1
has domain
Funding c
has range
Person c

proxy archive modelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#proxyArchiveModel

Answers the question: Which ProxyArchiveModel is used in the ProxySystemModel?
Term rationale
Links ProxySystemModel to ProxyArchiveModel
has domain
Proxy system model c
has range
Proxy archive model c

proxy archive typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#proxyArchiveType

Answers the question: Which ProxyArchive underlies this ProxySystem?
Term rationale
Links ProxySystem to ProxyArchive
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.MarineSediment.Globigerinoides_ruber.Mg/Ca
has domain
Proxy system c
has range
Proxy archive c

proxy observation modelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#proxyObservationModel

Answers the question: Which ProxyObservationModel is used in the ProxySystemModel?
Term rationale
Links ProxySystemModel to ProxyObservationModel
has domain
Proxy system model c
has range
Proxy observation model c

proxy observation typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#proxyObservationType

Answers the question: What type of ProxyObservation does the MeasuredVariable or Proxy System belong to? For example, the measured value of 5.63 mmol/mol is of type Mg/Ca, or the proxy observation of the current prpoxy system is Mg/Ca
Term rationale
The need to link a measured variable or a proxy system to the proxy observation type being measured.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.MarineSediment.Globigerinoides_ruber.Mg/Ca
has domain
Measured variable c or Proxy system c
has range
Proxy observation c

proxy sensor modelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#proxySensorModel

Answers the question: Which ProxySensorModel is used in the ProxySystemModel?
Term rationale
Links ProxySystemModel to ProxySensorModel
has domain
Proxy system model c
has range
Proxy sensor model c

proxy sensor typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#proxySensorType

Answers the question: Which ProxySensor underlies this ProxySystem?
Term rationale
Links ProxySensor to ProxyArchive
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.MarineSediment.Globigerinoides_ruber.Mg/Ca
has domain
Proxy system c
has range
Proxy sensor c

published inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#publishedIn

Answers the question: In which Publication was the Dataset or Compilation issued?
Term rationale
Links the resource to its Publication
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014
has domain
Dataset c
has range
Publication c

referencesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/references

is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
has sub-properties
calibration references op, interpretation references op, model references op

reported inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#reportedIn

Answers the question: In which EnsembleTable, DistributionTable, and/or SummaryTable is the Uncertainty reported?
Term rationale
Links the uncertainty to the model output
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.sst.Uncertainty
has domain
Uncertainty c
has range
Data table c or Variable c

summary table generated by modelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#summaryTableGeneratedByModel

Answers the question: In which SummaryTable can the statistics on the Model Output be found?
Term rationale
Subproperty of foundinTable to link the Model to its outputs
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.PaleoData1.Model1

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
generated by model op
has domain
Summary table c
has range
Chron model c or Paleo model c

taken at depthop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#takenAtDepth

Answers the question: At which depth in the ProxyArchive is the Variable measured or inferred?
Term rationale
Provides depth information. Can link to the depth Variable in the DataTable
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.mgcarub
has domain
Variable c
has range
Variable c

was derived fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom

is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
has sub-properties
generated by model op

Data Properties

altdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#alt

is defined by
http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#
has super-properties
top data property
has domain
spatial thing c
has range
string

as w k tdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#asWKT

is defined by
http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
has domain
geometry c
has range
literal

bibliographic citationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation

is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
has sub-properties
compilation citation dp, dataset citation dp

bookdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#book

Answers the question: In which book was the resource published?
Term rationale
Separate between journal and book publication
has domain
Publication c
has range
string

citationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/citation

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-properties
compilation citation dp, dataset citation dp

compilation citationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#compilationCitation

Answers the question: How should someone cite the compilation?
Term rationale
Data property needed to specify how to cite compilations, in order to provide appropriate credit to all contributors
has super-properties
bibliographic citation dp
citation dp
has domain
Compilation c
has range
string

compilation datedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#compilationDate

Answers the question: At what date was the Compilation created?
Term rationale
Separate compilation date from the publication year. An example is LR04 (datsetdate in 2004) but published in 2005
has super-properties
created dp
date created dp
has domain
Compilation c
has range
date time

compilation versiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#compilationVersion

Answers the question: What is the version of the Compilation?
Term rationale
Needed to state the version associated to a compilation, which may not be the same as the datasets it contains
has super-properties
version dp
has domain
Compilation c
has range
string

createddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
has sub-properties
compilation date dp, dataset date dp, publication year dp

dataset citationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#datasetCitation

Sentence indicating how a dataset should be cited
Term rationale
The need for providing appropriate credit to the datasets
has super-properties
bibliographic citation dp
citation dp
has domain
Dataset c
has range
literal

dataset datedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#datasetDate

Answers the question: At what date was the Dataset created?
Term rationale
Separate dataset date from the publication year. An example is LR04 (datsetdate in 2004) but published in 2005
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
created dp
date created dp
has domain
Dataset c
has range
date time

dataset licensedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#datasetLicense

License associated to a dataset
Term rationale
Property needed to let other scientists know about the usage and attribution terms of the uploaded dataset
has super-properties
license dp
license dp
has domain
Dataset c
has range
any u r i

dataset versiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#datasetVersion

Answers the question: What is the version of the Dataset? It should follow the x.y.z notation where x refers to changes in metadata and data following a publication (for instance, the creation of a new age model using a different code), y refers to changes to the data following a publication (for instance, adding data further back in time without changing the model underlying the interpretation), and z refers to changes not associated with a publication (for instance, typos).
Term rationale
Allows to update a dataset if Data/Models are added and keep track of the various versions
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
version dp
has domain
Dataset c
has range
string

date createddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/dateCreated

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-properties
compilation date dp, dataset date dp, publication year dp

descriptiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#description

Answers the question: What additional details would you give about the resource?
Term rationale
This property may be used to provide further details on instrument descriptions, uncertainty description,etc.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub
has sub-properties
relevant quote dp
has domain
thing c
has range
string

detaildp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#detail

Answers the "of what" question for an Interpretation. For intance, sea surface in sea surface temperature.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.Interpretation
has domain
Interpretation c
has range
string

emaildp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#email

Answers the question: What is the email address of the Person?
Term rationale
Allow to store contact information
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/D._Khider
has domain
Person c
has range
string

equationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#equation

Answers the question: What is the mathematical formulation of the Model?
Term rationale
Allows to provide the equation as part of the metadata
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982176.Stott.2004.paleo1measurement1.Mg/Ca-g.rub.Calibration
has domain
Model c
has range
string

funding agencydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#fundingAgency

Answers the question: Which entity was the Dataset fundedBy?
Term rationale
Provides information about the Agency funding the study
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.Funding1

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Funding c
has range
string

funding countrydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#fundingCountry

Answers the question: Which nation funded the Dataset?
Term rationale
Provides information about the country the agency is from

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Funding c
has range
string

grant numberdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#grantNumber

Answers the question: What is the unique identifier associated with the Funding for the Dataset?
Term rationale
Provides information about the grant number
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.Funding1
has domain
Funding c
has range
string

has column numberdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasColumnNumber

Answers the question: In which column of the csv file can the Variable be found?
Term rationale
Links the Variable metadata to the values stored in the csv file
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub
has domain
Variable c
has range
integer

has DOIdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasDOI

Answers the question: What is the digital object identifier associated with the resource?
Term rationale
Allows to link to a resource using a digital object identifier
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Publication.10.1002/2013PA002534

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
identifier dp
has domain
Dataset c or Publication c or Software code c
has range
string

has execution commanddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasExecutionCommand

Answers the question: What is the command to run the script or the code?
Term rationale
Allows to store the execution command of a script
has domain
Software code c
has range
string

has execution environmentdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasExecutionEnvironment

Answers the question: In which environment is the script meant to be run in?
Term rationale
Provides information about the operating system version in which the software code was exceuted?
has domain
Software code c
has range
string

has file namedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasFileName

Answers the question: What is the name of the csv file in which the Variable values are stored?
Term rationale
Links a DataTable with its appropriate csv file
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Data table c
has range
string

has IGSNdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasIGSN

IGSN identifier associated to a physical sample
Term rationale
Needed to properly described physical samples
has super-properties
identifier dp
has domain
Physical sample c
has range
string

has implementation languagedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://ontosoft.org/software#hasImplementationLanguage

is defined by
http://ontosoft.org/software#
has sub-properties
programmed in dp

has ISBNdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasISBN

Answers the question: What is the international book number of the Publication?
Term rationale
Link to the ISBN: Identifier used commonly to refer to publications
has super-properties
identifier dp
has domain
Publication c
has range
string

has ISSNdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasISSN

Answers the question: What is the International Standard Serial Number of the Publication?
Term rationale
8-digit code used to identify publications
has super-properties
identifier dp
has domain
Publication c
has range
string

has max valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasMaxValue

Answers the question: What is the maximum value of the Variable?
Term rationale
property relevant to facilitate queries, as in most cases the contents of a csv file are not directly represented
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.sst
has domain
Variable c
has range
float

has mean valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasMeanValue

Answers the question: What is the mean value of the Variable?
Term rationale
property relevant to facilitate queries, as in most cases the contents of a csv file are not directly represented
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.sst
has domain
Variable c
has range
float

has median valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasMedianValue

Answers the question: What is the median value of the Variable?
Term rationale
property relevant to facilitate queries, as in most cases the contents of a csv file are not directly represented
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub.ICPAES
has domain
Variable c
has range
float

has min valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasMinValue

Answers the question: What is the minimum value of the Variable?
Term rationale
property relevant to facilitate queries, as in most cases the contents of a csv file are not directly represented
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.sst
has domain
Variable c
has range
float

has missing valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasMissingValue

Answers the question: How are the missing values of the Variable identified in the DataTable?
Term rationale
Useful for coding around the missing values
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.mgcarub

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Uncertainty c or Variable c
has range
string

has rankdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasRank

Answers the question: What is the importance of the Interpretation?
Term rationale
Allows to rank the environmental variable controlling the interpretation. For instance, the d18O of coral aragonite responds to both temperature and the d18O of seawater (closely linked to salinity). Depending on the locale and/or timescale, one variable may dominate over the other.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.d18orub.Interpretation1

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Interpretation c
has range
int

has unitsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasUnits

Answers the question: In what unit of measure is (are) the Variable(s) expressed?
Term rationale
Links the units and the values of the Variable
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.d18orub

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Measured variable c or Resolution c or Uncertainty c or Variable c
has range
string

has valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasValue

Answers the question: What are the numerical values of the Variable, Uncertainty, and Model outputs?
Term rationale
Useful if there is only a single value rather than a vector of numbers. Often the case for analytical uncertainty or uncertainty reported as a RMSE
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.d18orub.Uncertainty
has domain
Model c or Uncertainty c or Variable c
has range
string

has variable IDdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#hasVariableID

Answers the question: What is the unique identifier for the Variable?
Term rationale
LiPD assigns a unique identifier (TSid) to each table column described in a LiPD file. Allows to assign a unique identifier to each series, facilitating data citation and recognition This allows someone to change every piece of metadata about column or dataset, including its names (both dataset and variable) and still get back to the right spot. It’s fundamental to working with LiPD data.
has super-properties
identifier dp
has domain
Variable c
has range
string

housed atdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#housedAt

Answers the question: In which laboratory/repository is the Instrument/PhysicalSample located?
Term rationale
Link to a particular laboratory. Provides circumstantial information about the measurement technique and how it was applied. Allows to give some information about the actual location of the sample
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement2.mgcarub
has domain
Instrument c or Physical sample c
has range
string

identifierdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier

is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
has sub-properties
has DOI dp, has IGSN dp, has ISBN dp, has ISSN dp, has variable ID dp, orcid number dp

interpretation directiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#interpretationDirection

Answers the question: Is the InferredVariable value increasing or decreasing as the value of the MeasuredVariable is increasing?
Term rationale
Answer is only positive or negative. Useful metadata when the calibration equation is not readily available. Also applies to InferredVariable to faciliate the search in database
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.d18orub.Interpretation1

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Interpretation c
has range
string

is localdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#isLocal

Answers the question: Does the Interpretation describe local variability, or far-field variability that may not reflect local conditions?
Term rationale
Added to allow data analysis. Is the interpretation relevant to these coordinates? Does putting a colored dot on the map here make sense?

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Interpretation c
has range
string

issuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#issue

Answers the question: In what issue of the journal can the resource be found?
Term rationale
Part of standard metadata for Publications
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Publication.10.1002/2013PA002534

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Publication c
has range
int

journaldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#journal

Answers the question: What is the name of the journal in which the resource can be found?
Term rationale
Part of standard metadata for Publications
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Publication.10.1002/2013PA002534
has domain
Publication c
has range
string

latdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#lat

is defined by
http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#
has domain
spatial thing c
has range
string

licensedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
has sub-properties
dataset license dp

licensedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/license

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-properties
dataset license dp

longdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#long

is defined by
http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#
has domain
spatial thing c
has range
string

methoddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#method

Answers the question: How is the information obtained from the resource?
Term rationale
Allows to describe methods.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/A7.Sun.2005.paleo1measurement1.d18og
has domain
Measured variable c or Model c or Physical sample c
has range
string

namedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#name

Answers the question: How is the resource called?
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982176.Stott.2004.paleo1measurement1.Mg/Ca-g.rub
has super-properties
name dp
has domain
thing c
has range
string

namedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/name

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-properties
name dp
has domain
thing c
has range
string

notesdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#notes

Answers the question: What additional information would you give about the Variable or DataTable ?
Term rationale
Allows to add notes to specific cells in the DataTable
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/A7.Sun.2005.chron1measurement1
has domain
Data table c or Dataset c or Model c or Variable c
has range
string

orcid numberdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#orcidNumber

Answers the question: What is the persistent digital identifier of the Person?
Term rationale
LinkedEarth uses ORCID number for membership
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/D._Khider

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
identifier dp
has domain
Person c
has range
string

pagesdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#pages

Answers the question: In what pages of the Publication can the reference to the resource be found?
Term rationale
Part of standard metadata for Publications
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Publication.10.1002/2013PA002534

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Publication c
has range
string

programmed indp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#programmedIn

Answers the question: In which language was the software code written in?
Term rationale
Provides the user with information about the software
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Pyleoclim
has super-properties
has implementation language dp
has domain
Software code c
has range
string

publication yeardp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#publicationYear

Answers the question: What year was the Publication issued?
Term rationale
Part of standard metadata for Publications
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Publication.10.1002/2013PA002534

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
created dp
date created dp
has domain
Publication c
has range
int

relevant quotedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#relevantQuote

Answers the question: Which part of the publication describes the Calibration or Interpretation?
Term rationale
Often it's useful to put a quote from the paper that describes the interpretation
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Ocean2kHR_119.d18O.ClimateInterpretation
has super-properties
description dp
has range
string

scopedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#scope

Answers the question: how would you classify the Interpretation? Examples include Isotope, Climate…
Term rationale
Allows to separate the various types of interpretation
has domain
Interpretation c
has range
string

seasonalitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#seasonality

Answers the question: To which part of the year is the Interpretation or ProxySensor restricted to? Acceptable answers may be "MJJA", "growing season",or [5,6,7,8]
Term rationale
Seasonality is critical to properly related measuredVariable and innferredVariable, as the former only senses part of the range of the latter.
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Ocean2kHR_119.d18O.ClimateInterpretation
has domain
Interpretation c or Proxy sensor c
has range
string

sensor genusdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#sensorGenus

Answers the question: What is the Genus of the Organic ProxySensor?
Term rationale
Scientific Name of the organic ProxySensor
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Globigerinoides_ruber
has domain
Organic proxy sensor c
has range
string

sensor speciesdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#sensorSpecies

Answers the question: What is the species of the Organic ProxySensor?
Term rationale
Scientific Name of the organic ProxySensor
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Globigerinoides_ruber
has domain
Organic proxy sensor c
has range
string

standarddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#standard

Answers the question: Reference material against which the MeasuredVariable is reported?
Term rationale
Crucial for isotopic measurements (for instance, d18O measurements (VSMOW vs VPDB))
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.d18Og.rub-w.v
has domain
Measured variable c
has range
string

titledp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#title

Answers the question: What is the title of the Publication?
Term rationale
Part of standard metadata for Publications
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Publication.10.1029/98PA00070
has super-properties
title dp
has domain
Publication c
has range
string

titledp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
has sub-properties
title dp

uncertainty leveldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#uncertaintyLevel

Answers the question: What parameter of the error distribution is the Uncertainty value referring to? Examples include 1-sigma, 2-sigma, 95% confidence bounds
Term rationale
Allows to properly make use of the reported Uncertainty values
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/MD982181.Khider.2014.paleo1measurement1.d18orub.Uncertainty
has domain
Uncertainty c
has range
string

versiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/version

is defined by
http://schema.org/
has sub-properties
compilation version dp, dataset version dp

volumedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://linked.earth/ontology#volume

Answers the question: In which volume of the Publication does the reference to the Datatset appear?
Term rationale
Part of standard metadata for Publications
Example
http://wiki.linked.earth/Publication.10.1029/98PA00070

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Publication c
has range
string

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals